Description
C-X-C motif chemokine 5 (CXCL5), also known as ENA-78 and SCYB5, is an inflammatory chemokine that belongs to the CXC chemokine family. It is a potent chemotaxin involved in neutrophil activation and is expressed in monocytes, platelets, endothelial cells and mast cells (1). CXCL5 elicits biological activities by signaling through the cell surface chemokine receptor CXCR2 (2). It has been shown to be cleaved by MMP-12 at the ELR sequence motif, which is known to be the critical receptor binding motif (3). CXCL5 is produced concomitantly with IL-8 in response to stimulation with either IL-1 or TNFα and can be induced by exposure to bacterial LPS (4, 5). Expression of CXCL5 has been observed in eosinophils and can be inhibited with the type II interferon IFN-γ. It is expressed by epithelial cells within colorectal mucosa and has been implicated in Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis (6). CXCL5 is important in growth and development of colorectal cancer, implicating a future role in both cancer therapy and diagnosis (7). CXCL5 has also been associated with connective tissue remodeling (2)